Sucking releases hormones that comfort and put the baby to sleep. When babies suck just for comfort, it is called non-nutritive sucking. A pacifier is used for non-nutritive sucking and naturally helps your baby relax and fall asleep. Additionally, according to the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), pacifiers can be protective against sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
When Can a Pacifier Be Given?
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends waiting until breastfeeding is well established before introducing a pacifier. This usually takes about 3-4 weeks.
Are There Any Disadvantages of Using a Pacifier?
One of the biggest concerns with pacifier use is its impact on breastfeeding. It is believed that pacifier use can cause nipple confusion, breast rejection, and reduced milk production. Studies do not support these theories. Waiting until breastfeeding habits are established and milk production is ensured before introducing a pacifier minimizes the risks to breastfeeding.
If a pacifier is used beyond the age of 3, it can alter the shape of the gum line and dental arch, lead to gaps between teeth, misaligned teeth, and an improper bite. Additionally, prolonged pacifier use (after age 2) can increase the risk of middle ear infections.
When Should a Pacifier Be Discontinued?
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends discontinuing pacifier use before the age of 2-4 years. The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry (AAPD) advises stopping pacifier use before the age of 3 to avoid damage to the dental structure.
Resources:
- American Academy of Pediatrics (2020). Pacifiers and Thumb Sucking. https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/baby/crying-colic/Pages/Pacifiers-and-Thumb-Sucking.aspx
- Moberg K, Prime D. Oxytocin effects in mothers and infants during breastfeeding. Infant Journal. 2013;9(6):201–206.
- Management of the developing dentition and occlusion in pediatric dentistry. The Reference Manual of Pediatric Dentistry. American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry; 2020:393-409.
- Jaafar SH, Ho JJ, Jahanfar S, Angolkar M. Effect of restricted pacifier use in breastfeeding term infants for increasing duration of breastfeeding. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;2016(8):CD007202. Published 2016 Aug 30. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007202.pub4
